Indian Railways' Integrated Strategy to Achieve Net Zero Carbon Emissions

The Indian Railways has set an ambitious goal of becoming a net-zero carbon emitter by 2030, a target underscored by its commitment to energy conservation and efficiency. This was confirmed by Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw in a written response to the Lok Sabha on Wednesday. Vaishnaw detailed the various initiatives and progress made towards this environmental milestone, emphasizing significant strides in electrification and sustainable practices.

Electrification Milestones

Electrification of railway networks is a cornerstone of the Indian Railways' strategy to reduce carbon emissions. Vaishnaw reported that as of November 2023, 60,814 kilometers of broad gauge networks have been electrified. Notably, 39,013 kilometers were electrified between April 2014 and November 2023, a substantial increase compared to the 5,188 kilometers electrified during the previous decade (2004-14).

The Northern Railway leads in this endeavor with 6,799 route kilometers electrified, marking the highest achievement among all zones. The minister's response came in light of queries from MPs Rahul Ramesh Shewale, Chandra Sekhar Sahu, and Pritam Gopinath Munde, who were keen to know the progress towards net-zero emissions and the specifics of route electrification, especially in Maharashtra.

Focus on Maharashtra

In Maharashtra, 146 kilometers of broad gauge network were electrified during the fiscal year 2023-24 up to November 2023. The ongoing electrification of the remaining broad gauge routes is part of a broader strategy to ensure comprehensive network coverage, reinforcing the state's infrastructure and contributing to the overall goal of sustainability.

Dedicated Freight Corridors: A Low-Carbon Future

Vaishnaw also highlighted the development of Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs) as a significant step towards a low-carbon future. These corridors are designed to enhance the efficiency of freight operations, thereby reducing carbon emissions. The Eastern DFC is complete, and the Western DFC is under implementation. Together, these projects are projected to cut emissions by approximately 457 million tons of CO2 over the next 30 years. The DFCs promise higher throughput per wagon, reduced energy consumption, and shorter transit times, all contributing to a greener rail network.

Comprehensive Energy Efficiency Policies

To further bolster energy conservation, Indian Railways has implemented a comprehensive policy covering energy efficiency measures in non-traction applications. This policy includes sustainable building practices, a cloud-based data monitoring and management portal, and energy-efficient equipment and appliances. Vaishnaw emphasized the procurement of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) 5-star-rated equipment as part of this initiative. The minister enumerated 17 measures taken by the Railways to enhance energy conservation, reflecting a robust and multi-faceted approach to sustainability.

Enhancing Safety for Vande Bharat Trains

Safety Measures and Fencing

Safety is a paramount concern for Indian Railways, especially with the introduction of high-speed Vande Bharat trains. Minister Vaishnaw informed the Lok Sabha about the measures taken to ensure track safety. Safety fencing is mandated at vulnerable locations for speeds between 110 kmph and 130 kmph and along all tracks for speeds above 130 kmph. This fencing is part of a broader set of safety protocols that include modern track structures, regular inspection, maintenance, and repair, as well as advanced technologies like ultrasonic flaw detection testing of rails.

Addressing Obstructions and Anti-Social Elements

Vaishnaw also addressed concerns about track obstructions caused by anti-social elements. In 2023, there were four reported incidents involving foreign objects placed on the tracks of Vande Bharat trains. The Railway Protection Force (RPF), in collaboration with the Government Railway Police (GRP) and local authorities, has taken legal action against those responsible. Continuous efforts are made to ensure the safety and smooth operation of trains, demonstrating a proactive stance against such disruptions.

Future Train Services and Operational Feasibility

Responding to inquiries about the introduction of new train services and the provision of stoppages for existing ones, including Vande Bharat services, Vaishnaw explained that these decisions are ongoing processes. They depend on several factors such as traffic justification, operational feasibility, and resource availability. This pragmatic approach ensures that the expansion of services aligns with broader strategic and operational goals.

Wrapping Up

Indian Railways' initiatives towards achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2030 showcase a comprehensive and forward-thinking approach to sustainability. With significant progress in electrification, the development of low-carbon freight corridors, stringent energy efficiency policies, and enhanced safety measures for high-speed trains, the Railways is poised to become a global leader in green transportation. The concerted efforts to address operational challenges and ensure passenger safety further underscore its commitment to a sustainable and efficient future.